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The history of petra jordan - البتراء - بترا History of The Ancient City of Petra The Greek word “Petra” means “rock”. Hence the city of Petra is synonymous with its name. This ancient city was carved out of stone. The city of Petra is situated in the south of the Jordanian capital, Amman. The  Petra history  starts a few centuries prior to the birth of Jesus Christ. The city was founded by the Nabataeans, a nomadic Arab tribe. Apart from stone-carving, the Nabataeans had outstanding skill in agriculture, engineering and trade. Presently, the archaeologists are in the process of bringing to light various facts about the  ancient Petra history . They could collect various interesting objects that reveal various  Petra history facts  that were hidden so far. The Nabataeans demonstrated their architectural skills by erecting numerous monuments in the memory of their kings and other eminent persons. These awesome, monumental tombs were made by carving the stones of the cliffs that

History of where is machu picchu - in peru Machu Picchu’s Inca Past Historians believe Machu Picchu was built at the height of the Inca Empire, which dominated western South America in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was abandoned an estimated 100 years after its construction, probably around the time the Spanish began their conquest of the mighty pre-Columbian civilization in the 1530s. There is no evidence that the conquistadors ever attacked or even reached the mountaintop citadel, however; for this reason, some have suggested that the residents’ desertion occurred because of a smallpox epidemic. Did You Know? Machu Picchu is made up of more than 150 buildings ranging from baths and houses to temples and sanctuaries. Many modern-day archaeologists now believe that Machu Picchu served as a royal estate for Inca emperors and nobles. Others have theorized that it was a religious site, pointing to its proximity to mountains and other geographical features that the

The great wall chinese - china Qin Dynasty Construction Though the beginning of the Great Wall of China can be traced to the third century B.C., many of the fortifications included in the wall date from hundreds of years earlier, when China was divided into a number of individual kingdoms during the so-called Warring States Period. Around 220 B.C., Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China, ordered that earlier fortifications between states be removed and a number of existing walls along the northern border be joined into a single system that would extend for more than 10,000 li (a li is about one-third of a mile) and protect China against attacks from the north. Did You Know? When Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered construction of the Great Wall around 221 B.C., the labor force that built the wall was made up largely of soldiers and convicts. It is said that as many as 400,000 people died during the wall's construction; many of these workers were buried within the

The history of ancient rome colosseum - italy Origins of the Colosseum Even after the decadent Roman emperor Nero took his own life in A.D. 68, his misrule and excesses fueled a series of civil wars. No fewer than four emperors took the throne in the tumultuous year after Nero’s death; the fourth, Vespasian, would end up ruling for 10 years (A.D. 69-79). The Flavian emperors, as Vespasian and his sons Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96) were known, attempted to tone down the excesses of the Roman court, restore Senate authority and promote public welfare. Around 70-72, Vespasian returned to the Roman people the lush land near the center of the city, where Nero had built an enormous palace for himself after a great fire ripped through Rome in A.D. 64. On the site of that Golden Palace, he decreed, would be built a new amphitheater where the public could enjoy gladiatorial combats and other forms of entertainment. Did You Know? Archaeologists believe that the Colosseum cont

Deep inside the jungles of Mexico and Guatemala and expanding into the limestone rack associated with Yucatan peninsula lie the mystical temples and pyramids of the Maya. While Europe was still in the middle of the black Ages, these amazing people had mapped the heavens, developed the only real true writing system native to the Americas and had been masters of math. They invented the calendars we utilize today. Without metal tools, beasts of burden if not the wheel these were able to build vast towns and cities across a big jungle landscape with a phenomenal degree of architectural perfection and variety. Their legacy in rock, which includes survived in a spectacular fashion at places such as Palenque, Tikal, Tulum, Chichén Itzá, Copan and Uxmal, lives on as do the seven million descendants of this classic Maya civilization mayan artThe Maya are most likely the best-known of the classical civilizations of Mesoamerica. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to

O Cristo Redentor - MIRACLE This article may help you learn 10 many interesting details about the iconic Christ the Redeemer Statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Without any doubt this statue is a must-see among other Rio de Janeiro attractions. 1. Cristo Redentor is a formal name because of this gigantic statue that reaches 32 meters into the sky and sits in the top of the Corcovado hill within the Tijuca Forest nationwide Park of Brazil. 2. Christ the Redeemer statue had been built exclusively regarding the cash donated by the Catholic community of Brazil. 3. Christ holding available arms had been one away from 3 initial architectural drafts alternatives for the statue. One other proposals included Christ holding a globe and a cross. 4. The official draft for the statue ended up being created by engineer Heitor da Silva Costa and sculpted by Paul Landowski, a French sculptor. The rocks had been taken to the Corcovado mountain from Sweden. 5. The statue was officially

Introduction The Taj Mahal (also "the Taj") is known as the finest exemplory case of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Ottoman, Indian, and Islamic architectural designs. In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site and ended up being cited as "the jewel of Muslim art in Asia and something of the universally admired masterpieces of the planet's history."  While the white domed marble mausoleum is its many familiar component, the Taj Mahal is obviously an integrated complex of structures. Building began around 1632 and ended up being completed around 1653, and employed a large number of artisans and craftsmen. The Persian architect, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri is normally regarded as being the main designer of the Taj Mahal. Construction The Taj Mahal had been constructed on a parcel of land to your south associated with the walled city of Agra. Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in th

Tilla Jogian (Hill of Jogies) The Tilla Jogian has immense scenic beauty is probably the birth place of one of the oldest religious institutions of Hinduism. The hill towers to a height of over 975 meters west of Jhelum. From a bridge on the river outside Thelum, the hill appears elongated perpetually swathed in purple skein. The magnificent view from Jhelum encompasses the complete hill valley as well as the river. There is a more than palpable aura of mystery surrounding the place. Legend tells us that it was up in this hill King Raja Porus’s elephant ran calling out in a human voice warning the King of Alexander the Great’s presence in order to avoid a confrontation. The historical record of Sher Shah’s son gives the location of king’s fort as being in the vicinity of Ballnath in Jogis.  

Derawar Fort:- To the southeast of Dera Nawab, on the edge of the Cholistan Desert, make an exciting day’s outing from either Ahmadpur East or Bahawalpur. The massive fort towers over the surrounding semi-desert and is visible from miles around. The huge walls, supported by enormous round buttresses, stand 40 meters (130 feet) high and are 1.5 kilometers (a mile) in circumference. The drive, for four-wheel drive vehicles only, take from one to two hours from Ahmadpur East, depending on the state of the road and the route your guide has chosen for you. The last 25 kilometers (15miles) are across desert. There has been a fort at Derawar for at least 5,000 years, part of a long chain that protected the ancient trade rout from central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. The fort was captured by the Abassi family from Raja Rawal Singh of Jaisalmar in 1733, at which time the present fort was built. The whole area around Derawar was once well watered by the Ghaggar River (now called the Hakra in

Multan Fort:- Entrance Multan fort: Multan Fort was built on a mound separating it form the city by the old bed of river Ravi. There is no Fort now as it was destroyed by the British Garrison which was stationed ,there for a long time, but the entire site is known as the Fort .The walls of the fort were built by Murad Baksh, the son of the Shah Jahan, when he was the viceroy of Multan in the early 17th, century. The Fort site now looks as a part of the city, because instead of the river it is now separated by a road which looks more like a bazaar and remains crowded throughout the day. The Fort stands on the highest part of the mound on which the town is built, It is an ancient structure formed by a hexagonal wall from forty to seventy feet high, the longest side of which faces the north-west and extends for 600 yards, and which isolates it from the town. Within the fort, and on a very considerable elevation, stands the citadel, in itself of very great strength. The walls are flanked b

Chaukundi While travelling on the national highway, 17 miles from Karachi, one can see clusters of unusual graves in the shape of stepped rectangles. Built between the 15th and 19th centuries by Balochis and Burpats the tombs are of various sizes and designs but fall into two basic types. One which support roofs on pillars while other which consist of solid oblong pyramids standing two to four meters high and completely covered with finely carved geometric designs. The stone of these graves are exquisitely carved in relief with intricate motifs. The small rosette is a frequent motif that may have some forgotten connection with pre-islamic sun-worship, as may the sunflowers wheels and chrysanthemums, which also suggest the sun. Squares, diamonds, triangles, zigzags and crosses are also used in every possible combination. Chaukundi means four cornered and thus the site became famously known as chaukundi. The distinguishing feature of these graves is the superb carving and engraving on th

Thatta and Makli Graveyard Thatta, also called Thatto in Sindhi language, ninety-eight kms (60 miles) East of Karachi, on the National Highway, just west of the Indus River and the Arabian Sea coast. Thatta was once called the El Dorando of the east. At one time Thatta was important for being Sindh's capital city and as a center for Islamic arts. From the 14th century four Muslim dynasties ruled Sindh from Thatta, but in 1739 the capital was moved elsewhere and with it Thatta declined. Thatta has a very rich heritage of Muslim architecture during the era of the 16th and 17th century. The history of Thatta goes back some 2000 years. It is now a mere vestige of its former greatness as 16th-century capital of the Samma dynasty in Lower Sindh. It was Incorporated as a municipality in 1854. The Makli Hill near Thatta is the world largest graveyard spread over 15.5 sq. kms, having millions of graves. Here in eternal sleep lie kings, queens, Scholars, Philosophers and soldiers of a by-gon

Kot diji fort (Sindh) Kot Diji is situated between Ranipur and Khairpur on the highway from Hyderabad, at the east bank of the Indus close to Rohri. The discovery of Kot Diji provides the evidence that there is a civilization before Mohen-jo-daro. Archaeologists say that the discovery of this pre-historic site has furnished information of high significance since it pushed back the pre-historic of Pakistan by at least another 300 years from about 2,500 B.C. to 2,800 B.C. Evidence of new cultural elements of pre-Mohen-jo-daro time has been found at Kot Diji. Excavations have proved that the Indus Valley Civilizations borrowed or developed some of the basic cultural elements of the Kot Dijians.The site consists of two parts: one comprising of the citadel area on the high ground where the ruling elite lived and an outer area inhabited by common man. The Kot Diji culture is marked by well-furnished, well-made pottery and houses built of mud-bricks on solid stone foundations. In fact, the Ko

Mohen-jo-daro (Harrapa) Mohen-jo-daro, discovered in 1922, is situated on the West Bank of the river Indus. It has one of the earliest and the most developed urban civilizations of ancient world. It forms a part of the Indus River civilization and was discovered in 1921. It is located 1287.48 km away from Mohen-jo-daro. The Indus River civilization flourished from somewhere third till the middle of second millennium B.C. before it vanquished from the world. Mohen-jo-daro had mud-brick and baked-brick buildings. Covered drainage system in addition to this, soakpits for disposal bins, a large state granary, a spacious pillared hall, a collage of priests, a large and imposing building (probably a palace) and a citadel mound which incorporates in its margin a system of solid burnt brick tower. Mohen-jo-daro looks like a planned, organized and master architecture of urban settlement. Beneath the citadel, parallel streets, some 30 feet wide, stretched away and are crossed by other straight s